Reference

The meeting convened by Mathieu Kérékou in Benin in 1990, referred to as the National Conference, had significant and transformative consequences for the country. Here are the key outcomes:

1. Transition to Democracy: The National Conference paved the way for a transition from a single-party Marxist-Leninist regime to a multi-party democratic system. This marked a crucial turning point in Benin's political landscape and set a precedent for peaceful democratic transitions in Africa.

2. Formation of a Transitional Government: A transitional government was established, leading to the drafting of a new constitution, which was adopted by referendum in December 1990. This constitution laid the groundwork for democratic governance and civil liberties.

3. Renaming of the Country: The conference contributed to Benin's transition from the People's Republic of Benin to the Republic of Benin, symbolizing a shift away from its Marxist past.

4. Presidential Elections: Subsequent to the conference, presidential elections were held in March 1991, marking the first time a sitting African leader had peacefully ceded power to a democratically elected leader. Nicéphore Soglo defeated Mathieu Kérékou in these elections, gathering 67.7% of the vote.

5. Kérékou's Surrender of Power: The conference resulted in Kérékou surrendering supreme power to the Haut Conseil de la République, illustrating a peaceful transfer of power, which was rare in the region at that time.

These events were heralded as a successful democratization effort, influencing similar movements in other African nations. For detailed insights, you can refer to this source.