Amnesty International and the United Nations have accused Myanmar of committing apartheid against the Rohingya people due to a systematic and widespread campaign of discrimination, violence, and oppression that has been ongoing for years. Here are the key reasons behind these accusations:

1. Systematic Discrimination: The Rohingya, a Muslim minority group in Myanmar, have faced severe restrictions on their rights, including citizenship, freedom of movement, and access to education and healthcare. The 1982 Citizenship Law effectively rendered them stateless, denying them basic rights afforded to other ethnic groups in Myanmar.

2. Violence and Ethnic Cleansing: Reports from both Amnesty International and the UN have documented instances of mass killings, sexual violence, and the burning of villages. The military's actions during the 2017 crackdown, which led to the mass exodus of over 700,000 Rohingya to Bangladesh, were described as ethnic cleansing. This violence is part of a broader pattern of oppression aimed at the Rohingya community.

3. Apartheid Framework: The term "apartheid" is used to describe a situation where a dominant group systematically oppresses and discriminates against a marginalized group. The UN and Amnesty International argue that the policies and practices against the Rohingya fit this definition, as they involve not only discrimination but also acts intended to maintain the dominance of the Buddhist majority over the Rohingya.

4. Lack of Accountability: Both organizations have highlighted the lack of accountability for those responsible for these abuses. The Myanmar military and government have largely evaded consequences for their actions, which perpetuates the cycle of violence and discrimination.

5. International Response: The international community has been urged to take stronger actions against Myanmar, including sanctions and other measures to hold the perpetrators accountable and to support the Rohingya in their quest for justice and rights.

These accusations are part of a broader concern regarding human rights violations in Myanmar, particularly in the context of ongoing conflicts and political instability in the country. The situation remains complex, with significant implications for regional stability and international human rights advocacy.