Ingram Bywater and Hermann Diels made significant contributions to the study of Heraclitus, a pre-Socratic Greek philosopher known for his cryptic and paradoxical statements.

Ingram Bywater

Ingram Bywater was a prominent scholar who focused on editing and preserving the fragments and testimonies related to Heraclitus. In 1877, Bywater published an important edition called the "Reliquiae," which compiled the remaining fragments and testimonia (reports about Heraclitus' philosophy from other ancient sources). His work played a crucial role in making Heraclitus' writings more accessible to modern scholars (source).

Hermann Diels

Hermann Diels was a German scholar known for his comprehensive work on early Greek philosophy. Diels edited the seminal text "Die Fragmente der Vorsokratiker" (The Fragments of the Pre-Socratics). This collection, published in several versions starting in 1903, organized and classified the fragments of pre-Socratic philosophers, including Heraclitus. His structured approach and classification system revolutionized the study of early Greek philosophy and provided a foundational text for scholars (source; source).

Both Bywater and Diels' works were instrumental in preserving and interpreting the enigmatic fragments of Heraclitus, thus aiding subsequent generations of scholars in exploring his philosophical ideas.