Reference

Female figures in Penjikent murals are depicted in various roles and with diverse attributes, reflecting the cosmopolitan nature of the society at the time. They are portrayed as part of the Sogdian and Turkic elites, possibly indicating their status and influence within the community. Some murals show them in mourning, suggesting a role in rituals or ceremonies, while others depict them with multiple arms, which could symbolize divinity or a higher status. Female figures are also shown engaging with male figures, such as in the Mural of Riders where a female figure holds the hand of a rider, indicating a narrative or story being told through the art. The presence of ceremonial items like a chauri (fly whisk) and an incense burner further suggests a connection to religious or cultural practices. Overall, the representation of female figures in Penjikent murals provides a glimpse into the multifaceted roles women played in ancient Central Asian society, from social and religious aspects to possibly influential positions within the community. For more detailed information, you can refer to sources like Wikipedia's article on Penjikent murals and research on Sogdian art.