Critics have suggested that AIPCS' success is due to demographic shifts because demographic changes can significantly impact economic growth and development. Studies show that demographic change is an important driver of growth in countries experiencing rapid fertility decline, which can lead to a higher working-age population and increased per capita income growth. Additionally, demographic shifts can have a feedback effect on development outcomes and can directly boost innovation, particularly at certain levels of population decline.

The strength of the institutional and policy framework in place is also linked to the impact of demography on growth. This implies that AIPCS may have benefited from a favorable environment that capitalized on these demographic changes. Furthermore, the age structure of the population and the decline in fertility rates can temporarily increase the labor force, which can contribute to economic growth and potentially to the success of initiatives like AIPCS.

In summary, demographic shifts can influence economic growth and development through various channels, such as changes in the labor force, innovation, and the overall age structure of the population. Critics argue that AIPCS' success may be attributed to these demographic factors, rather than solely to the initiative's inherent merits or effectiveness. For more detailed information, refer to studies such as the one published on "ScienceDirect.com" which discusses how demographic change matters for growth [1], or the World Bank's paper on demographic change and development [2].