African American music played a significant role in changing white perceptions during the Civil War by serving as a powerful medium of expression, resistance, and cultural identity. Music, particularly spirituals, folk songs, and later, the emerging genres of blues and jazz, communicated the struggles, hopes, and resilience of African Americans, which helped to humanize their plight in the eyes of many white Americans.

1. Spirituals and Protest: African American spirituals often contained messages of hope and freedom, which resonated not only within the black community but also with sympathetic whites. Songs like "Go Down Moses" and "Swing Low, Sweet Chariot" were imbued with themes of liberation and were often used as coded messages in the Underground Railroad. These spirituals highlighted the deep yearning for freedom and helped to evoke empathy among white listeners.

2. Military Influence: During the Civil War, African American soldiers formed regiments such as the 54th Massachusetts Infantry, and music became an integral part of their identity and morale. Songs like "The Battle Hymn of the Republic" were adapted to reflect the experiences of black soldiers, which helped to portray them as brave and valiant fighters for freedom. This visibility contributed to changing perceptions of African Americans as capable of contributing significantly to the war effort.

3. Cultural Exchange: The interaction between black and white soldiers led to a cultural exchange where white soldiers were exposed to African American musical traditions. This exposure helped to break down some racial barriers and fostered a greater appreciation for African American culture.

4. Post-War Influence: After the Civil War, the popularity of African American music continued to grow, influencing genres like ragtime and jazz. This music became a means of storytelling and sharing the African American experience, further challenging stereotypes and promoting cultural understanding.

In summary, African American music served as a vital tool for social change during the Civil War, helping to shift white perceptions by highlighting the humanity, resilience, and cultural richness of African Americans. Through spirituals, military songs, and cultural exchange, this music played a crucial role in the broader struggle for civil rights and equality.

For more detailed insights, you can explore resources such as the National Museum of African American History and Culture or academic articles on the influence of music during the Civil War.