According to various sources, a bugler in the infantry needed to learn around 40 to 50 separate calls. These calls were used to communicate different commands and instructions to the soldiers, such as assembly, drill, mess, and reveille.
As stated in an article by Military Images Magazine, "More than 50 separate trumpet calls are documented for infantry during the war years." (Source: https://www.militaryimagesmagazine-digital.com/2021/06/05/buglers-hark-tis-the-bugle-blast-sabres-are-drawn/)
Additionally, an article by The Tribune notes that "While in camp, a Civil War soldier made responses to a minimum of 19 bugle calls each day." (Source: https://www.irontontribune.com/2011/04/24/bugler’s-call-has-historical-origins/)
A Civil War re-enacting website also provides a list of essential infantry calls that buglers should know, including general calls, assembly, drill, and mess calls. (Source: https://www.tapsbugler.com/civil-war-re-enacting-for-the-bugler/2/)
Here are some images related to buglers and infantry commands:
Image 1: A group of buglers in the 1850s
Image 2: British Army buglers sounding the reveille bugle call
Image 3: A Civil War infantry bugler
Image 4: An 1842 illustration of an assembly of buglers
I hope this information helps! Let me know if you have any further questions.