Reference

The withdrawal of compounds from the market generally occurs due to safety concerns or ineffectiveness. Here are some notable examples:

1. Thalidomide: Withdrawn in the 1960s due to severe birth defects.
2. Ranitidine (Zantac): Withdrawn due to contamination with NDMA, a probable carcinogen.
3. Melflufen: A derivative of melphalan, was withdrawn after excess deaths in a phase three confirmatory trial.
4. Vioxx (Rofecoxib): Withdrawn due to increased risk of heart attack and stroke.
5. Fen-Phen (Fenfluramine/Phentermine): Withdrawn because of heart valve disease and pulmonary hypertension.
6. Sibutramine (Meridia): Withdrawn due to increased risk of heart attack and stroke.
7. Bextra (Valdecoxib): Withdrawn due to cardiovascular risks and severe skin reactions.
8. Tegaserod (Zelnorm): Withdrawn due to increased risk of heart attack and stroke.
9. Cisapride (Propulsid): Withdrawn due to serious cardiac side effects.

For a comprehensive list and further details, you can check resources such as the Federal Register and the FDA's official listings.

Images:

• Examples of drugs withdrawn due to safety issues:
• Workflow and examples of recalled pharmaceutical compounds:

These examples highlight the rigorous monitoring and proactive steps taken to ensure drug safety and efficacy post-market approval.