Reference

The resurveying process that began in the mid-1990s saw significant technological advancements that revolutionized the field. Here are some key technologies that contributed:

1. Global Positioning System (GPS):

   • GPS technology became widely used in the mid-1990s for high-precision measurements in surveying. It provided accurate positioning, navigation, and timing capabilities, which were essential for surveying tasks (source).

2. Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) GPS:

   • RTK technology utilizes GPS along with a base station to provide real-time corrections, significantly increasing the accuracy of positional data. This technology saw developmental milestones in the mid-1990s, and it was employed for various high-precision applications including land surveying (source).

3. Drone Technology:

   • The use of drones began to integrate with GPS technology in the late 1990s and early 2000s, enabling more automated and efficient surveying processes. Drones allowed for the rapid collection of data over large areas, which was particularly useful for topographic surveys and mapping (source).

4. Geospatial Technology:

   • The rise of geospatial technology, which includes satellite imagery and GIS (Geographic Information Systems), enabled more detailed and comprehensive mapping of the Earth's surface. This technology enhanced the precision and efficiency of resurveying projects (source).

5. GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System):

   • The introduction and expansion of GNSS systems, including the addition of the Russian GLONASS, provided more robust global coverage and improved the reliability of satellite-based surveying technologies (source).

These technologies collectively transformed the surveying profession, making it more accurate, efficient, and capable of handling complex surveying tasks.