The Order of Philip the Magnanimous and the Order of the Golden Lion are both prestigious orders associated with the history of Hesse, but they have distinct origins, purposes, and rankings.

1. Order of Philip the Magnanimous:

   • Establishment: This order was established on May 1, 1840, by Louis II, Grand Duke of Hesse, to honor Count Philipp I, also known as Philip the Magnanimous, for his diplomatic efforts.
   • Ranking: Before 1876, it was the second-highest order of the Grand Duchy of Hesse. However, with the revival of the Order of the Golden Lion, it was relegated to the third position.
   • Classes: It originally had four classes. The awards and decorations associated with it are highly elaborate. Some of these include the Commander Breast Star and the Silver Cross with Crown.
   • Purpose: It was primarily an Order of Merit, given for various acts of valor and service.

   

2. Order of the Golden Lion:

   • Establishment: This order dates back to the Landgraviate and Electorate of Hesse-Kassel, later becoming recognized by the Grand Duchy of Hesse and by Rhine. It is known to have been revived in 1770.
   • Ranking: The Order of the Golden Lion was often ranked high among the orders of the region, typically elevated above the Order of Philip the Magnanimous after its revival in the 19th century.
   • Purpose: Traditionally, it was conferred on sovereigns, princes, and heads of state, honored for their service and excellence. It served as a high decoration for loyalty and merit.

   

In summary, while both orders are associated with the Hesse region and recognize meritorious service, the Order of Philip the Magnanimous primarily honors the legacy and service in the name of Philipp I, the Magnanimous. In contrast, the Order of the Golden Lion is also a high-ranking order that over time became more prestigious, especially after its revival.

For further reading, you can refer to:

• Order of Philip the Magnanimous - Wikipedia
• House Order of the Golden Lion - Wikipedia