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Which cellular components are associated with the IRS4 protein?

OpenAI's Answer

The IRS4 (Insulin Receptor Substrate 4) protein is primarily associated with various cellular components involved in signaling pathways, particularly those related to insulin and growth factor signaling. Here are the main cellular components associated with IRS4:

  1. Plasma Membrane: IRS4 is recruited to the plasma membrane upon insulin or IGF (Insulin-like Growth Factor) binding to their receptors.

  2. Cytoplasm: After activation, IRS4 can be found in the cytoplasm where it interacts with various signaling molecules and pathways, such as PI3K (Phosphoinositide 3-kinase) and MAPK (Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase) pathways.

  3. Nucleus: There is evidence that IRS4 may also translocate to the nucleus, where it could play a role in gene expression regulation.

  4. Endosomes: IRS4 can be associated with endosomal compartments, suggesting a role in receptor-mediated endocytosis and signaling.

  5. Cytoskeleton: Interaction with cytoskeletal components may be involved in IRS4's role in cellular signaling dynamics.

These associations highlight IRS4's multifaceted role in cellular signaling and its importance in metabolic and growth factor responses. For more detailed insights, you may refer to scientific literature focusing on IRS4 and its cellular interactions.

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