Reference

Surgical removal of intra-articular bodies is recommended for patients with synovial chondromatosis primarily when they exhibit certain symptoms and conditions that affect their quality of life and joint function. Here are the main indications for surgery:

1. Symptomatic Loose Bodies: If the loose bodies become symptomatic, causing pain, swelling, or dysfunction of the joint, surgical intervention is typically advised. Symptoms such as joint locking, constant discomfort, and substantial restriction in movement often necessitate surgery source.

2. Failure of Conservative Treatment: When conservative measures such as medication, physical therapy, or other non-invasive treatments are insufficient in managing the symptoms, surgery is considered necessary.

3. Progression of the Disease: In cases where the condition is progressively worsening, with increasing numbers or size of loose bodies that could lead to joint damage, surgical removal is indicated to prevent further complications source.

4. Decreased Range of Motion: A significant decrease in joint range of motion, impacting day-to-day activities, is another indicator for surgery. This helps restore normal function and alleviate mechanical symptoms like popping or snapping of the joint source.

5. Prevention of Osteoarthritis: In some cases, if left untreated, synovial chondromatosis can lead to secondary osteoarthritis, and surgical removal of the loose bodies can prevent this progression source.

The surgical approach may vary, including arthroscopic techniques, which are minimally invasive and typically lead to lower morbidity and quicker recovery.