The biotic theory of oil formation, which is widely accepted in the scientific community, posits that oil is formed from the remains of ancient marine organisms under heat and pressure over millions of years. In contrast, the abiotic theory suggests that oil originates from deep carbon deposits and can be formed independently of biological processes. While the biotic theory is supported by extensive geological and chemical evidence, the abiotic theory remains controversial due to limited empirical support. For more information, refer to the resources available at Wikipedia and OnePetro.
Why do some geologists believe commercially profitable deposits of abiotic petroleum could be found?
What mechanisms are proposed for the abiotic chemical synthesis of hydrocarbons within the mantle?
What empirical evidence exists for abiotic sources of commercial petroleum deposits?
What are the key arguments supporting the abiotic origin of petroleum?