Kazakhstan is home to a variety of mountain ranges and deserts. Here are some notable ones:

Mountain Ranges

1. Tien Shan (Tian Shan) Mountains
   • Known as the "Heavenly Mountains" and a UNESCO World Heritage site, this range includes some of the tallest peaks in the country.
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2. Altai Mountains
   • Located in the northeast of Kazakhstan, this range is shared with Russia, China, and Mongolia.
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3. Dzungarian Alatau
   • Nestled along the border with China, these mountains offer a variety of flora and fauna.
4. Saur-Tarbagatay
   • Also shared with China, this range is less known but rich in natural beauty.
5. Ural Mountains
   • Although mostly associated with Russia, their southern extension reaches into Kazakhstan.

Deserts

1. Kyzylkum Desert
   • One of the largest deserts in the region, covering around 298,000 km², shared with Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan.
2. Betpak-Dala Desert (Hunger Steppe)
   • Spanning approximately 75,000 km², this desert is central to Kazakhstan.
3. Moiynkum Desert
   • Covering about 37,500 km², it lies primarily in the south-central part of the country.
4. Aral Karakum
   • Located near the drying Aral Sea, covering around 40,000 km².
5. Barsuki Desert
   • A smaller desert compared to others but still significant.

Here are a couple of maps to give you a visual perspective:

For more information, you can check the detailed descriptions on the Wikipedia Page on Geography of Kazakhstan and Britannica's overview of Kazakhstan.