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How did the Chinese occupation impact Mongolia between 1919 and 1921?

OpenAI's Answer

The Chinese occupation of Mongolia from 1919 to 1921 had significant impacts:

  1. Revocation of Autonomy: The Beiyang government of the Republic of China revoked Outer Mongolia's autonomy, initiating the occupation in October 1919.

  2. Military Presence: Chinese troops entered and took control of key areas, including the capital, Urga (now Ulaanbaatar).

  3. Resistance and Expulsion: Mongolian forces, allied with White Russian troops led by Baron Roman von Ungern-Sternberg, initially managed to expel Chinese forces in March 1921. However, these forces were later defeated by the Red Army and its Mongolian allies by June 1921.

  4. Restoration of Independence: Mongolia proclaimed its independence on July 11, 1921. The People's Government took charge, with the Bogd Khan serving as a symbolic monarch.

For more detailed reading, you can refer to the sources such as Wikipedia and Penn Museum.

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