Reference

To calculate copper losses in an electrical machine, the following formula is generally used:

[ \text{Copper Loss} (P_c) = I^2 \times R ]

Where:

• ( I ) is the current flowing through the winding (in amperes).
• ( R ) is the resistance of the winding (in ohms).

This formula derives from Joule's First Law, which states that power loss due to resistance (often referred to as ( I^2R ) losses) produces heat.

Example:

Let's say the current (( I )) flowing through the winding is 10 A, and the resistance (( R )) of the winding is 2 Ω. The copper loss can be calculated as follows:

[ P_c = 10^2 \times 2 = 100 \times 2 = 200 \text{ watts} ]

Thus, the copper loss in this particular scenario is 200 watts.

Additional Resources:

For more detailed information, you can visit the following links:

• Wikipedia - Copper Loss
• Copper Loss Calculator
• Electrical Technology - Losses in Electrical Machines