Reference

The degree of paint blistering can be assessed accurately using standardized methods and visual references. Here are some methods and standards often used for this purpose:

1. ISO 4628-2: This international standard provides a way to assess the degree of blistering in paint coatings by comparing them to pictorial standards. The blisters are illustrated in various sizes and densities ranging from 2 to 5 source.

2. ASTM D714: This standard test method uses photographic reference standards to evaluate the degree of blistering that may develop in paint systems. It is mainly intended for use on metal and other nonporous surfaces, but can also be applied to evaluate blisters on porous surfaces source.

3. New Approaches Using Technology: Recent research incorporates image acquisition setups and algorithms to detect and grade blistering defects. These methods can provide a high level of precision by comparing the detected blisters with calibration images based on ISO 4628-2 images. Such systems aim to improve upon the accuracy traditionally achieved by visual inspection source.

Visual comparison with established standards like those provided by ISO and ASTM is crucial for consistency and reliability in assessing paint blistering. Here's an illustrative image of paint blistering: