The relationship between Ottoman sultans and their Grand Viziers played a pivotal role in shaping Ottoman policy, as the Grand Vizier was the highest-ranking official in the empire and wielded significant influence over governance. This position was akin to that of a prime minister, overseeing administration, military, and legal affairs (source).
The dynamic between the sultan and the Grand Vizier varied, with some sultans relying heavily on their viziers' expertise, while others took a more direct role in governance. For example, during the reign of Sultan Mehmet IV, the Köprülü Grand Viziers were crucial in restoring the empire's fortunes, showcasing a period where the viziers held substantial power (source).
Ultimately, the sultans' relationships with their Grand Viziers influenced the balance of power within the empire, impacting policy decisions, stability, and efficiency.