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Cairo Montenotte is situated in the high part of Val Bormida, more precisely in the countryside behind Savona, and it is the biggest and most important town of Val Bormida.. The urban area reaches an average height of 340 m a.s.l., and it expands in the valley floor along the left shore of Spigno's Bormida River. Bric del Tesoro is the highest peak of the town district, with a height of 860 ...

Neo-feudalism or new feudalism is a theorized contemporary rebirth of policies of governance, economy, and public life, reminiscent of those which were present in many feudal societies. Such aspects include, but are not limited to: Unequal rights and legal protections for common people and for nobility, [1] dominance of societies by a small and powerful elite, a lack of social mobility, and ...

The feudal order was a governance hierarchy emanating down from monarchs to principle magnates, from the latter to lesser lords, and so forth down to the commoners (the third estate). This was a cascade of overlapping and competing jurisdictions, populated by members of the second estate.