The Dioscuri, also known as Castor and Pollux, were twin brothers in Greek and Roman mythology, worshipped primarily as protectors of sailors and associated with horsemanship, athleticism, and the welfare of travelers. They were often invoked for guidance and safety during voyages, reflecting their roles as patrons of navigation.

Worship and Significance:

1. Protectors of Sailors: The Dioscuri were believed to appear at sea during storms, providing guidance and calm to sailors. Their presence was thought to ensure safe passage.
2. Patrons of Horsemen and Athletes: They were also revered by horsemen and athletes, symbolizing strength and victory in competitions.
3. Divine Twins: As divine twins, they represented duality, balance, and the connection between mortals and the divine.

Regions with Shrines:

The worship of the Dioscuri was widespread in the ancient Mediterranean world, with notable shrines and temples in several regions:

1. Rome: The Temple of Castor and Pollux in the Roman Forum was one of the most significant sites dedicated to them.
2. Sparta: The Dioscuri were especially venerated in Sparta, where they were considered local heroes and protectors of the city.
3. Delphi: The sanctuary of Apollo at Delphi also had associations with the Dioscuri, reflecting their significance in Greek culture.
4. Catania, Sicily: A temple dedicated to the Dioscuri was located here, emphasizing their influence in the wider Mediterranean region.

Cultural Impact:

The Dioscuri have left a lasting legacy in literature, art, and culture, often depicted in classical sculptures and paintings. Their stories and attributes continue to influence modern interpretations of brotherhood, loyalty, and protection.

For more detailed information on the Dioscuri and their worship, you can explore resources like Ancient History Encyclopedia which provide a comprehensive overview of their significance in ancient cultures.