Reference

Christopher Southgate addresses the challenge of reconciling the presence of suffering with the idea of a good creation through what is known as "compound evolutionary theodicy." This perspective recognizes the brutality and indifference inherent in the evolutionary process but aims to view it within the larger context of divine glory and the ultimate purpose of creation.

1. The Evolutionary Process: Southgate acknowledges that evolution involves significant suffering and death. He holds that this aspect of creation results in a world capable of producing complex and conscious life forms. Despite this suffering, he suggests that such a process is necessary for the development of valuable qualities like consciousness and free will.

2. Divine Co-Suffering: Southgate proposes that God co-suffers with creation. This idea means that God is not indifferent to the suffering of creatures but shares in their pain and suffering. By doing so, God demonstrates solidarity and compassion.

3. Eschatological Hope: Southgate shifts the focus to the eschatological (end times) hope. He believes that suffering will ultimately be redeemed in the new creation, where all things will be reconciled. This future redemption is viewed as pivotal, suggesting that the present suffering will be transformed and have a meaningful role in the grand narrative of creation.

4. The Role of the Cross: A central point for Southgate is the significance of the Cross of Christ. He views it as the turning point between the suffering in the evolutionary process (the 'groaning' of creation) and the ultimate hope for redemption. The Cross symbolizes God’s deep involvement and willingness to suffer alongside humanity.

5. Ethical Implications: In his theological framework, humanity has a responsibility towards creatures as co-redeemers, working to reduce suffering and promote flourishing.

For a more detailed exploration, you can refer to sources like "Groaning of Creation: Final Thoughts" on Project Augustine and "Debunking 'Bambi Theology': An Interview with Christopher Southgate" from Collegeville Institute.