Reference

During the Terminal Classic period in the Maya lowlands, significant transformations occurred, characterized by a transition from the Classic to Post-Classic periods. This era, roughly between 800-1000 AD, witnessed profound changes, including:

1. Political Collapse: Many major Maya city-states experienced political collapse. This was marked by the abandonment of large urban centers such as Tikal and Copán.

2. Demographic Shifts: There were significant population declines and migrations as people moved from the central lowlands to the northern regions and other areas.

3. Cultural Changes: There was a shift in artistic and architectural styles. The new styles reflected the influence of external cultures and networks.

4. Economic Transformation: Trade routes were altered, with a shift toward coastal and northern routes. There was an increase in the trade of obsidian, jade, and other goods.

5. Environmental Stress: Some studies suggest that environmental factors like drought may have contributed to societal changes, impacting agriculture and water resources.

These transformations illustrate the complexity of the Terminal Classic and its role as a transitional period for the Maya civilization.

For further in-depth reading, you can refer to resources like this study on the Terminal Classic period and additional scholarly analyses.