Biological markers (biomarkers) are molecular fossils from once-living organisms found in crude oils and solvent extracts of petroleum source rocks. Source-related biomarkers are hydrocarbons that are diagnostic for specific taxa of organisms and/or specific depositional settings. Taxon specificity may be as narrow as individual species or as ...

Biomarkers (Eglinton et al. 1964) are complex, recalcitrant organic compounds that show little or no change in chemical structure from their parent lipids in once-living organisms (Whitehead 1973).They are common in petroleum and recent to ancient sediments and are composed mainly of carbon and hydrogen but can include other elements, such as sulfur, nitrogen, vanadium, or nickel.

Biomarkers and Isotopes in Petroleum Exploration and Earth History itemizes parameters used to genetically correlate petroleum and interpret thermal maturity and extent of biodegradation. It documents most known petroleum systems by geologic age throughout Earth history. The Biomarker Guide is an invaluable resource for geologists, petroleum ...

The ubiquitous presence of biological markers (biomarkers) in crude oils and coals provides the evidence of the biological origin of petroleum and coal. Biomarkers are the molecules that retain the basic carbon skeleton of biological precursors during burial and paleotransformation.

Some proposed mechanisms of abiogenesis formation of petroleum. Biogenesis. Biogenetic origin of petroleum (Hydrocarbons) suggests that petroleum come from a long time decaying of died organisms such as planktons, zooplankton ad other form of biological species under a subjection of high temperature.

Abiogenic petroleum origin. The abiogenic petroleum origin hypothesis proposes that most of earth's petroleum and natural gas deposits were formed inorganically, commonly known as abiotic oil. [1] Scientific evidence overwhelmingly supports a biogenic origin for most of the world's petroleum deposits. [2][3] Mainstream theories about the ...